Sunscreen Basics in Brampton: SPF, Broad Spectrum and Reapplying

It may still feel like jacket weather in early March, but the sun is already getting stronger. By spring, the UV index in southern Ontario regularly reaches moderate levels on clear days, and by late spring and summer it often climbs to high or very high. Many people do not think about sunscreen until the first truly warm weekend, and by then they may already have their first sunburn of the year.

Sun protection is one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect the skin. It reduces the risk of sunburn, skin cancer, and the premature aging and dark spots that come with long-term sun exposure. Yet sunscreen labels can be confusing, and most people apply far less than they need.

This guide walks through how to read a sunscreen label, how to apply it properly, and how to make sun protection part of everyday life in Brampton. The team at Pharmasave WestBram, 100 Pertosa Drive, can help you compare products and choose one that suits your skin and your plans.

UV rays: what sunscreen protects against

Sunlight contains two types of ultraviolet radiation that affect the skin:

• UVB rays are the main cause of sunburn. They are strongest in the middle of the day and in summer.
• UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and contribute to aging, wrinkles, dark spots and skin cancer. UVA is present year-round and can pass through clouds and some glass.

Both types contribute to skin cancer risk. A good sunscreen protects against both.

The UV index, reported in many weather forecasts and apps, tells you how strong UV radiation is expected to be. Health Canada’s sun safety information explains how to use it. When the UV index is 3 or higher, sun protection is recommended.

What SPF really means

SPF stands for sun protection factor. It measures how well a sunscreen protects against UVB, the type that causes sunburn. A higher SPF provides more protection, but the increase is not proportional. SPF 30 blocks a large majority of UVB rays, and SPF 50 blocks slightly more.

In practice, the bigger issue is how much sunscreen people apply. The SPF on the label is based on testing with a generous amount. Most people apply only a fraction of that, which means they get much less protection than the number suggests.

Health Canada and Canadian dermatology organisations generally recommend a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher for most people. The Canadian Dermatology Association also has information on choosing sunscreen.

Broad spectrum and water resistance

Broad spectrum on a label means the sunscreen protects against both UVA and UVB. In Canada, look for the words “broad spectrum.” This is important because SPF alone only describes UVB protection.

Water resistant means the sunscreen stays effective for a certain time while swimming or sweating, typically 40 or 80 minutes as stated on the label. No sunscreen is fully waterproof. After swimming, towelling off or sweating heavily, reapply.

Sunscreens sold in Canada are regulated by Health Canada and carry either a Drug Identification Number (DIN) or a Natural Product Number (NPN), depending on their ingredients.

Mineral and chemical sunscreens

Sunscreens use two main types of active ingredients:

• Mineral (or physical) filters, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, sit on the skin and reflect and absorb UV rays. They tend to be gentle and are often recommended for sensitive skin and young children.
• Chemical (or organic) filters absorb UV rays. They often spread more easily and feel lighter on the skin.

Both types are effective when used properly. Some mineral sunscreens can leave a white or grey cast, which is more noticeable on medium and darker skin tones. Tinted mineral formulas and newer micronised formulations can reduce this. If you have sensitive skin or react to certain products, the pharmacist can help you choose.

How much to apply and how often

Most adults need roughly a shot glass worth of sunscreen to cover the body when wearing a swimsuit. For the face and neck, many people use about a teaspoon, or two finger-lengths of lotion. Apply generously and do not forget commonly missed areas:

• Ears, especially the tops
• Back of the neck
• Scalp along a part or thinning areas
• Tops of the feet
• Backs of the hands
• Lips, with a lip balm containing SPF

Apply sunscreen about 15 to 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply at least every two hours, and after swimming, sweating or towelling off. Sunscreen does not last all day, even if the label says “long lasting.”

Sprays are convenient but easy to under-apply. Spray until skin glistens, rub it in, and avoid inhaling. Do not spray directly onto the face; spray into your hands first.

Sun protection for every skin tone

A common myth in diverse communities like Brampton’s is that people with darker skin do not need sunscreen. While melanin provides some natural protection, people of all skin tones can get sunburned, develop sun damage and develop skin cancer. Skin cancers in people with darker skin are sometimes diagnosed later, when they are harder to treat.

Sunscreen also helps prevent hyperpigmentation, such as dark spots, melasma and marks left after acne, which are particularly common concerns for people with medium and darker skin. Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen is one of the most effective ways to stop those marks from darkening further.

Beyond sunscreen: clothing, shade and timing

Sunscreen is just one part of sun protection. Health Canada recommends combining several strategies:

• Seek shade, especially between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., when UV is strongest.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat that shades the face, ears and neck.
• Choose tightly woven clothing or clothing with a UV protection rating.
• Wear sunglasses that block UVA and UVB.
• Avoid tanning beds, which increase skin cancer risk.

Snow, water, sand and concrete reflect UV and can increase exposure. On a sunny late-winter day, a family skating outdoors or tobogganing can still get sunburned.

Medicines that increase sun sensitivity

Some medicines make the skin more sensitive to the sun, leading to sunburn or rashes with less exposure than usual. Examples can include certain antibiotics, some diuretics, some acne treatments including retinoids, certain anti-inflammatory medicines, some heart medicines and some herbal products such as St. John’s wort.

This is especially relevant for people using topical retinoids or other treatments for breakouts; our acne page explains how a pharmacist can help with mild acne and the products involved.

If you start a new medicine, ask your pharmacist whether it increases sun sensitivity. If it does, be extra careful with sun protection. A medication review can help identify any of your medicines that affect sun sensitivity; ask the pharmacy whether you are eligible.

Turning sunscreen into a daily habit

Sunscreen only works if it is on your skin, so the most useful product is the one that fits easily into your routine. Many people find it easiest to apply a facial moisturiser or sunscreen with SPF every morning after brushing their teeth, regardless of the forecast. Keeping a bottle by the front door, in the car and in a sports bag removes the excuse of forgetting.

Texture matters more than people expect. If a sunscreen feels greasy, stings the eyes or leaves a cast you dislike, you are less likely to use enough of it. Try lotions, gels, fluids and sticks until you find one you are happy to wear. Sticks are handy for reapplying to the face and ears during outdoor sports such as cricket and soccer.

Check the expiry date each spring and replace old bottles. Sunscreen stored in a hot car or left in direct sun can break down faster, so keep it in a cool, shaded spot when possible. If the texture, colour or smell has changed, buy a new one.

If you do get sunburned, cool the skin with cool compresses, drink fluids and use a gentle moisturiser. Severe sunburn with blistering over a large area, fever, chills or feeling unwell needs medical attention.

Children, older adults and sunscreen

Babies under six months should be kept out of direct sun as much as possible, with shade and clothing as the main protection. Ask a pharmacist or healthcare provider before using sunscreen on young infants. For older babies and children, choose a sunscreen designed for children, and make sun protection a routine before school, sports and outdoor play.

Older adults may have thinner skin and more accumulated sun damage. Regular skin checks are important. If you notice a new spot, a sore that does not heal, or a mole that changes in size, shape or colour, see your doctor.

Ask Pharmasave WestBram for help choosing sunscreen

Choosing a sunscreen should not be complicated. The best one is the one you will actually use, generously and often. If you would like help comparing options for sensitive skin, darker skin tones, children or sports, our pharmacy team is ready to help.

Find us at 100 Pertosa Drive, Brampton, ON L6X 0H9. Call (905) 454-5111, visit the contact page for directions, or request a consultation through our booking page.

This post provides general sun safety information. For advice about your skin, medications or a concerning mole or spot, please consult a pharmacist, physician or dermatologist.